鲁迅先生的《阿Q正传》是一部发表于1921年的中篇小说,它以辛辣的笔触和深刻的洞察力,描绘了辛亥革命前后中国农村一个名叫阿Q的流浪汉的悲剧命运,并以此为切入点,对国民性进行了尖锐的批判和深刻的反思。
第一章 序: 作者借着要给阿Q做正传的引子,表达了自己对“立言”的看法,并说明了为阿Q立传的困难,包括不知道阿Q的姓名、籍贯、身世等。
第二章 优胜记略: 介绍了阿Q的性格特点和生活状况。阿Q是一个没有家、没有固定职业的流浪汉,他自尊心强却又自卑,喜欢用“精神胜利法”来掩盖自己的失败。他虽然常被人欺负,但却总能找到方法让自己在精神上获得胜利。
第三章 续优胜记略: 主要讲述了阿Q与王胡、假洋鬼子发生冲突的故事。阿Q因为在捉虱子比赛中输给王胡而感到屈辱,后来又因为骂假洋鬼子而被打。这两件事让阿Q在未庄出了名,但也让他更加自卑和敏感。
第四章 恋爱的悲剧: 阿Q在赵太爷家做工时,对女仆吴妈产生了非分之想,并向她求爱,结果被吴妈拒绝并遭到赵太爷的儿子毒打。这件事让阿Q在未庄的女人们面前抬不起头,也让他对女人产生了怨恨。
第五章 生计问题: 阿Q因为调戏吴妈事件,被赵家赶了出来,从此失去了工作,生活陷入困境。他和小D争夺工作机会,结果两人打了个平手。阿Q走投无路,只好去静修庵偷萝卜,结果被老尼姑发现并赶了出来。
第六章 从中兴到末路: 阿Q离开未庄一段时间后,突然穿着新衣服,带着钱财回来了。他声称自己在城里举人老爷家帮忙,并见识了革命党杀头。未庄人对他刮目相看,女人们也纷纷找他买东西。然而,好景不长,阿Q的谎言被揭穿,他再次被未庄人排斥。
第七章 革命: 辛亥革命爆发,消息传到未庄,人心惶惶。阿Q误以为革命就是造反,便也跟着喊“造反了”,并幻想自己成为革命党,带领未庄人进行革命。
第八章 不准革命: 阿Q想要加入革命队伍,却被假洋鬼子拒绝。他感到非常失望和愤怒,但也无可奈何。
第九章 大团圆: 赵家被抢,阿Q被怀疑是同党而被抓进县城。在审讯过程中,阿Q因为不识字,画押时画了一个瓜子形状,被判处死刑。最终,阿Q被枪毙,结束了自己可悲的一生。
阿Q是一个生活在社会底层的流浪汉,他贫穷、愚昧、自卑,却又充满了矛盾和可笑的行为。他一方面渴望被尊重,另一方面却又甘于自轻自贱;他一方面幻想革命,另一方面却又被革命抛弃。阿Q身上集中体现了中国国民的许多劣根性,例如:
《阿Q正传》以辛亥革命为背景,揭示了这场革命的局限性。辛亥革命虽然推翻了清朝统治,但并没有改变中国社会的根本性质。封建势力依然强大,国民的思想观念也并没有得到根本的改变。阿Q的悲剧命运正是辛亥革命失败的一个缩影。
小说中,阿Q对革命充满了幻想,他希望通过革命来改变自己的命运。然而,当他真正参与到革命中时,却发现革命并没有他想象的那么美好。革命党人并没有真正关心他的命运,他们只是利用他来达到自己的目的。最终,阿Q被革命抛弃,并被当作替罪羊处死。
阿Q的悲剧命运揭示了辛亥革命的局限性:
《阿Q正传》通过对阿Q这一典型人物的塑造,对中国国民性进行了深刻的反思和批判。鲁迅先生认为,中国国民的劣根性是导致中国社会落后的重要原因。他希望通过对国民性的批判,唤醒国民的觉醒,促使他们进行自我反省和改造。
小说中,鲁迅先生没有对阿Q进行简单的同情或批判,而是以一种冷静、客观的笔调,将阿Q的性格和命运展现给读者,让读者自己去思考和判断。这种写作手法更加深刻地揭示了国民性的问题,也更加具有警示意义。
《阿Q正传》的艺术特色主要体现在以下几个方面:
《阿Q正传》的故事脉络清晰,以阿Q的个人经历为主线,串联起辛亥革命前后未庄的社会生活。小说通过对阿Q的性格和命运的刻画,揭示了国民性的弱点和辛亥革命的局限性,具有深刻的思想意义和艺术价值。
]]>Database migrations are a common task for developers as applications evolve. Whether you're switching database systems (e.g., SQLite to PostgreSQL) or just keeping your database schema in sync with your code, having a reliable migration process is essential. SQLAlchemy, a powerful Python toolkit, simplifies database migrations while promoting good security practices.
pip install SQLAlchemy pymysql pandas
import os
from sqlalchemy import create_engine, inspect
import pandas as pd
# Database Connections (Handle Passwords Securely)
sqlite_file = 'your_database.db'
sqlite_engine = create_engine(f'sqlite:///{sqlite_file}')
mysql_user = os.environ.get('MYSQL_USER')
mysql_password = os.environ.get('MYSQL_PASSWORD')
mysql_host = '127.0.0.1'
mysql_port = 13306
mysql_database = 'your_mysql_database'
mysql_engine = create_engine(f'mysql+pymysql://{mysql_user}:{mysql_password}@{mysql_host}:{mysql_port}/{mysql_database}')
# Data Transformation (Optional)
def transform_data(data):
# ... Perform transformations if needed ...
return data
# Migration Logic
inspector = inspect(sqlite_engine)
table_names = inspector.get_table_names()
for table_name in table_names:
data = pd.read_sql_table(table_name, sqlite_engine)
data = transform_data(data)
data.to_sql(table_name, mysql_engine, if_exists='replace', index=False)
print('Migration complete!')
SQLAlchemy provides an effective way to handle database migrations in Python. By prioritizing secure practices for handling database credentials, you can create a robust and maintainable migration process for your applications.
]]>ProFormSelect is a powerful component in Ant Design Pro-Components that allows you to create a form with a select input. It's a great way to provide users with a list of options to choose from. However, as the number of options grows, it can become difficult for users to find the option they're looking for. In this article, we'll explore how to implement options search for Ant Design ProFormSelect to make it easier for users to find the options they need.
The first approach to implement options search for Ant Design ProFormSelect is to use a network request to fetch the options based on the user's input. This approach is useful when you have a large number of options and you don't want to load them all at once. You can use the request
prop of ProFormSelect to specify a function that fetches the options based on the user's input. Here's an example of how you can implement options search using a network request:
<ProFormSelect
showSearch
name="country"
label="Country"
request={async (value) => {
// The user's input
const keywords = value.keyWords;
// Fetch the options based on the user's input
const response = await fetch(`/api/countries?q=${keywords}`);
const data = await response.json();
return data;
}}
/>
In this example, we use the request
prop to specify an asynchronous function that fetches the options based on the user's input. The function takes the user's input as an argument and returns a promise that resolves to the options. When the user types in the input, the function is called with the user's input, and the options are fetched based on the input.
But this implementation has its drawbacks. It requires a network request for every user input, which can lead to a lot of requests and slow down the user interface. To address this issue, we can use the second approach.
The second approach to implement options search for Ant Design ProFormSelect is to load all the options at once and then filter them based on the user's input. This approach is useful when you have a moderate number of options and you want to avoid making network requests for every user input. The trick to this approach is to cache the options in the state when loaded at the first time and filter them based on the user's input. Here's an example of how you can implement options search within loaded options:
const [options, setOptions] = useState();
<ProFormSelect
showSearch
name="country"
label="Country"
request={async (value) => {
let opts = options;
// Load the options if not already loaded
if (!opts) {
const response = await fetch(`/api/countries`);
opts = await response.json();
// Cache the options in the state
setOptions(opts);
}
// The user's input
const keywords = value.keyWords;
// Filter the options based on the user's input
const filteredOptions = opts.filter((option) =>
option.label.toLowerCase().includes(keywords.toLowerCase())
);
return filteredOptions;
}}
/>
If your options are declared in code and not fetched from a network request
, you can use the filterOption
prop of Select
to filter the options based on the user's input. Since it's an option of Select
, you can find it in the fieldProps
prop of ProFormSelect
.
Note: The user's input action will always trigger the request
function if you implemented the prop. Please handle search within the request
function if your options are fetched from the request function.
The filterOption
prop takes a function that filters the options based on the user's input. Here's an example of how you can use the filterOption
prop to filter the options based on the user's input:
const options = [
{ value: 'china', label: 'China' },
{ value: 'usa', label: 'USA' },
{ value: 'uk', label: 'UK' },
{ value: 'germany', label: 'Germany' },
{ value: 'france', label: 'France' },
];
<ProFormSelect
showSearch
name="country"
label="Country"
options={options}
fieldProps={{
filterOption: (input, option) =>
option.label.toLowerCase().includes(input.toLowerCase()),
}}
/>
The user's input action will trigger the request
function anyway. I would prefer to handle the filter just within the request function.
We all grasp the importance of safeguarding our online accounts. Passwords are the first line of defense, but they can be vulnerable to hacking and cracking. That's where Google Authenticator comes into the picture, offering a robust additional layer of protection known as two-factor authentication (2FA).
Google Authenticator is a software-based app that generates short, time-sensitive codes for your online accounts. When 2FA is enabled, websites and services will ask for a code from the Google Authenticator app along with your usual username and password. This makes it exponentially harder for someone to penetrate your account, even if they manage to get hold of your password.
Google Authenticator relies on two primary algorithms:
TOTP (Time-Based One-Time Password): TOTP incorporates the current time into the code generation process. Codes expire after a short period (typically 30 seconds), making them highly secure. This is the most common algorithm used within Google Authenticator.
HOTP (HMAC-Based One-Time Password): HOTP generates codes based on a shared secret key and a counter. Each time a new code is required, the counter increments, ensuring that codes are always unique.
Setup: When you enable 2FA on a website or service, you'll usually be given a QR code or a secret key. This key is shared between your device and the service you wish to protect.
Code Generation: The Google Authenticator app uses this secret key, along with either the current time (TOTP) or the counter (HOTP), to generate a unique 6-digit code.
Verification: When you log in to your online account, you'll be prompted to enter this code in addition to your username and password. The website will independently generate the same code and verify if it matches.
While Google Authenticator is a popular option, it's important to know that you're not limited to it. Many other authenticator apps support the same TOTP and HOTP standards used by Google Authenticator. This means, if you choose to switch to a different authenticator app, you can often migrate your existing 2FA accounts easily. Some popular alternatives include:
Absolutely! If a website or service supports 2FA, enable it and use Google Authenticator. It's one of the most effective ways to bolster your online account security.
Stay safe online!
Writen by Google Gemini Ultra
]]>在日常生活中,我们难免会遇到需要报销的情况。然而,有些商家却不能提供发票,这对于需要报销的人来说无疑是件麻烦事。
别担心,其实很多手机App都提供了便捷的开票功能,即使是过去的消费记录也能补开发票。下面就给大家分享几个实用的发票开票小技巧:
现在,很多人都习惯使用外卖App订餐。饿了么、美团等外卖平台都提供了电子发票开具功能。在订单详情页,找到“开发票”选项,即可选择开具普通发票或专票。
滴滴、曹操出行等打车App也支持电子发票开具。在行程详情页,找到“发票”选项,即可选择开具电子发票。
很多超市都推出了会员App,可以通过App查询消费记录并开具电子发票。例如,沃尔玛、家乐福等超市的会员App都提供了这一功能。
麦当劳、肯德基等餐饮品牌的App也支持电子发票开具。在App的“我的”或“订单”页面,找到“发票”选项,即可选择开具电子发票。
此外,一些加油站、酒店、影院等商家也推出了自己的App,并提供了电子发票开具功能。
掌握以上小技巧,即使没有纸质发票,也能轻松报销。动动手指,就能让报销变得更简单!
希望这些小技巧能够帮助大家轻松解决发票报销难题!
]]>PostgreSQL, a powerful open-source relational database management system, can be installed on macOS using Homebrew, a package manager for macOS.
/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"
brew install postgresql
brew services start postgresql
brew services stop postgresql
brew services restart postgresql
postgres
: sudo -u postgres psql -c "ALTER USER postgres WITH PASSWORD 'new_password';"
postgres
and the password you set: psql -U postgres -d postgres
/usr/local/etc/postgresql/*.conf
: sudo vi /usr/local/etc/postgresql/*.conf
listen_addresses = '*'
Save and close the file.
Restart PostgreSQL to apply the changes:
brew services restart postgresql
Installing and configuring PostgreSQL on macOS using Homebrew is straightforward. By following these steps, you can easily set up a PostgreSQL database for your projects or applications. Remember to secure your database by setting a strong password and customizing the configuration file as needed.
]]>MySQL is a popular open-source relational database management system (RDBMS). It is widely used for web applications, data analysis, and other database-driven tasks. This blog post will guide you through the steps on how to install MySQL on macOS using Homebrew, a package manager for macOS.
Before you begin, ensure you have the following:
/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"
To install MySQL using Homebrew, run the following command in Terminal:
brew install mysql
This command will install the MySQL server and client.
Once MySQL is installed, you need to start the service. Run the following command in Terminal:
brew services start mysql
By default, MySQL does not have a password set. To set a password, run the following command in Terminal:
mysql -u root -p
You will be prompted to enter the current password. Since you have not set a password yet, press Enter.
Next, you will be prompted to enter a new password. Enter a strong password and press Enter.
Confirm the password by entering it again and pressing Enter.
To test if MySQL is installed and running correctly, run the following command in Terminal:
mysql -u root -p
Enter the password you set earlier.
If you are able to connect to the MySQL server, you will see the MySQL prompt:
mysql>
You can now run MySQL commands to create databases, tables, and perform other database operations.
Before starting the MySQL service, you can optionally configure MySQL using the configuration file. The configuration file is located at /usr/local/etc/my.cnf
.
To edit the configuration file, run the following command in Terminal:
sudo nano /usr/local/etc/my.cnf
In the configuration file, you can set various options to customize MySQL's behavior. For example, you can change the default port, set the maximum number of connections, or enable slow query logging.
Here is an example configuration file:
[mysqld]
bind-address = 127.0.0.1
port = 3306
max_connections = 100
slow_query_log = 1
slow_query_log_file = /var/log/mysql/slow.log
In this example, we have set the following options:
bind-address
: The IP address that MySQL will listen on.port
: The port that MySQL will listen on.max_connections
: The maximum number of connections that MySQL will allow.slow_query_log
: Enable slow query logging.slow_query_log_file
: The file where slow queries will be logged.Once you have made your changes to the configuration file, save and close the file.
You have successfully installed MySQL on macOS using Homebrew. You have also started the MySQL service and set a password. Now you can start using MySQL to manage your databases.
]]>金庸先生的武侠小说《鹿鼎记》自问世以来,便以其独特的风格和深刻的内涵引发了广泛的讨论。不同于传统武侠小说着重于侠义精神和武功绝学,《鹿鼎记》将目光聚焦于政治斗争、人性欲望和历史洪流中的个人命运,呈现出一幅波澜壮阔的清代社会画卷。
《鹿鼎记》的故事背景设定在清朝康熙年间,以韦小宝误打误撞进入皇宫,成为康熙的贴身太监为开端,展开了他跌宕起伏的人生旅程。韦小宝出身于扬州妓院,自幼便在市井中摸爬滚打,养成了油腔滑调、狡猾多诈的性格。然而,他却误打误撞地卷入了清廷的政治斗争和江湖纷争,并凭借着他的机智和运气,周旋于康熙、天地会、神龙教等多方势力之间。
小说中,韦小宝对权力的追逐和对欲望的满足,构成了他行为的主要驱动力。他贪财好色,热衷于赌博,却又讲义气,重朋友。他利用各种手段,在各方势力之间游走,以获取最大的利益。他与康熙的友谊,既是出于真心,也是为了利用康熙的权势来满足自己的欲望。他加入天地会,成为青木堂香主,也是为了利用天地会的力量来对抗清廷,同时满足他“反清复明”的虚荣心。
然而,韦小宝并非一个纯粹的利己主义者。在关键时刻,他仍然能够坚守道义,不惜牺牲自己的利益来保护朋友和亲人。例如,他为了救师父陈近南,不惜违抗康熙的命令,甚至不惜与康熙翻脸。他也为了保护双儿,不惜与神龙教为敌。
韦小宝的复杂性格,正是金庸先生对人性深刻洞察的体现。在权力和欲望的诱惑下,人性的弱点会暴露无遗,但即使在最黑暗的环境中,人性的光辉也依然存在。
《鹿鼎记》的故事发生在清朝初年,这是一个动荡不安的时代。清兵入关,建立了新的王朝,但汉人对满清的统治始终存在着反抗情绪。天地会等反清组织不断兴起,试图推翻满清的统治,恢复明朝的江山。
韦小宝作为一个小人物,被卷入了这场历史的洪流之中。他虽然没有远大的理想和抱负,但却在无意中影响了历史的进程。他帮助康熙擒拿鳌拜,平定三藩,收复台湾,甚至还参与了罗刹国的政治斗争。
韦小宝的经历,折射出历史的偶然性和必然性。历史的进程往往是由一些偶然事件所推动,但最终还是会遵循一定的规律。韦小宝虽然只是一个微不足道的小人物,但他的行动却在一定程度上影响了历史的走向。
《鹿鼎记》中,韦小宝的价值观和行为方式,与传统武侠小说中的英雄人物截然不同。他贪财好色,不讲礼法,甚至为了达到目的不惜使用一些卑鄙手段。
韦小宝的形象,是对传统武侠小说中“侠之大者,为国为民”的英雄形象的颠覆。他虽然也参与了反清复明的大业,但他的动机并非完全是出于爱国主义精神,而是为了满足自己的私欲。
金庸先生通过韦小宝这个人物,表达了对传统价值观的反思。在现实社会中,人们的行为往往是复杂的,并非非黑即白。传统武侠小说中的英雄人物,往往过于理想化,而韦小宝的形象则更加真实,也更加贴近人性。
《鹿鼎记》的语言风格幽默风趣,充满了讽刺意味。金庸先生在小说中大量运用市井俚语和戏曲唱词,将韦小宝的油腔滑调和狡猾多诈表现得淋漓尽致。
小说中,韦小宝经常用一些似是而非的成语和典故来糊弄人,例如,他将“完璧归赵”说成“完璧归台”,将“尧舜禹汤”说成“鸟生鱼汤”。这些错误的用法,虽然令人啼笑皆非,但却也反映出韦小宝的机智和狡猾。
金庸先生在小说中也运用了大量的讽刺手法,例如,他将清廷的腐败和官场的黑暗,通过韦小宝的经历和见闻表现出来。他也讽刺了天地会等反清组织的内部斗争和虚伪做作。
《鹿鼎记》是一部具有深刻思想内涵和艺术价值的武侠小说。金庸先生通过对韦小宝这个人物的塑造,表达了对权力、欲望和人性的深刻洞察,也反思了传统价值观,并以幽默和讽刺的艺术手法,展现了清代社会的复杂性和多样性。
这部小说不仅是一部精彩的武侠故事,也是一部值得我们深思和探讨的历史画卷。
]]>Use 'traceroute' or 'tracert' to trace the path your data packets take to their destination.
On macOS or Linux, you can use the traceroute
command to trace the path your data packets take to their destination. Here's the basic syntax:
traceroute google.com
On Windows, the tracert
command is used to perform the same function. Here's the basic syntax:
tracert google.com
]]>虽然我们一般都用 long
来存储 timestamp
,但微信支付这个 timeStamp
参数应该是 string
类型。
如果你遇到了 调用支付 JSAPI 缺少参数 timeStamp
的问题,建议你检查一下你的 timeStamp
参数是否是 string
类型。
这个问题通常发生于是 SPA
,似乎 iOS 微信的 webview
捕捉不到 browser router
的路径变化,即使你进入了已经注册到微信支付的 URL,webview 仍然会判定你在初次打开页面的 URL。
因此要在 iOS 上拉起微信支付,你需要使用 window.location.href
跳转页面,而不是使用 browser router 跳转页面。